MHP and LMU Munich publish eighth edition of the Industry 4.0 Barometer

China takes the lead in all Industry 4.0 technologies, ahead of U.S. and Europe

• New study: industrial companies increasingly using Industry 4.0 technologies internationally, with China and the U.S. extending their lead
• Different speeds: 84 percent of surveyed Chinese companies use digital twins in logistics, compared to 61 percent in the U.S.
• Software-Defined Manufacturing (SDM) is becoming a key competitive factor: production excellence as a result of software, data, and IT/OT architecture
• Mexico and India included in the analysis for the first time: 61 percent of Indian companies surveyed already using AI in the production environment – more in the U.S.

Ludwigsburg / Munich / Shanghai – China is designing the factory of the future, while Europe, and the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) in particular, is struggling with the past. Established IT and OT landscapes as well as fragmented data structures are hampering progress here. Meanwhile, China is taking the lead in terms of supply chain transparency, digital twin technology, automation, and AI. India, Mexico, and the U.S. are also modernizing and implementing things faster than companies in the DACH region and the United Kingdom. These are the key findings from the Industry 4.0 Barometer 2026, which the management and IT consultancy MHP has published in cooperation with Prof Dr Johann Kranz from Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich.

Benjamin Hirth, CEO of MHP (Shanghai) Management Consultancy Co., Ltd.: “Our data clearly shows that while China and the U.S. are consistently taking a software- and data-driven approach to transforming their production processes, the DACH region is losing any momentum. Just three percent of companies in this part of the world are very familiar with Software-Defined Manufacturing – in China and India the figure is 30 percent. Those who fail to strategically combine production control, data, and software risk falling behind in global competitiveness."

More than 1,200 people from industrial companies were surveyed for the Industry 4.0 Barometer 2026. Specifically, they were asked to assess the status quo with regard to Industry 4.0 in their own companies in the U.S., the German-speaking markets of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, the United Kingdom, China and, for the first time, India and Mexico. The study highlights successes, but also reveals gaps in the subjects surveyed, including supply chain transparency, digital twin technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Software-Defined Manufacturing (SDM).

Degree of digitalization worldwide rises to 66 percent, with China significantly higher

Internationally, the degree of digitalization ascertained in industry continues to rise, with the overall barometer figure increasing from 48 percent (2022) to 66 percent today in all subject areas. China reaches 72 percent (+3 percentage points), the U.S. 69 percent (+3 percentage points), India 68 percent, and Mexico 67 percent. Meanwhile, two regions have clearly fallen behind: the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) remains stagnant at 57 percent, while the United Kingdom drops to 62 percent (-2 percentage points compared to the previous year).

“The degree of digitalization in industry is increasing worldwide, with Europe also making progress,” said Dr Johann Kranz, Professor of Digital Services and Sustainability at LMU Munich. “In a comparison between countries, however, the U.S. and China are implementing digital production technologies faster and taking a more integrated and scalable approach than European companies. India and Mexico, which we were analyzing for the first time, are also showing better results in some cases.”

Causes of the faltering transformation

If the digital transformation is being hampered, it is usually due to technical reasons: heterogeneous legacy systems, fragmented data landscapes, and limited interoperability make it difficult to adopt new technologies. For example, 52 percent of surveyed Chinese companies cite data silos as a barrier, while 48 percent point to their legacy IT systems. It is a similar picture at companies all over the world. Yet this year's study reveals that these classic obstacles are overcome at different speeds, particularly in the areas of digital twin technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Software-Defined Manufacturing.

The digital twin is gaining ground faster than other technologies

These differences are particularly striking in the case of digital twins. The barometer figure for their use in plants and machines has risen from 54 to 62 percent, while in logistics it has increased from 61 to 67 percent, representing the largest jump from the original figure of 30 percent (2022). This shows that the digital twin is taking off faster than any of the other technologies addressed in the survey. Across all application fields, China is clearly in a leading position when it comes to the digital twin. This is especially evident in the context of logistics, where 84 percent of Chinese companies say they partly or fully use this technology. This is followed by Mexico (74 percent), India (68 percent), the U.S. (61 percent), and the United Kingdom (54 percent), with the DACH region lagging behind on 42 percent.

AI-driven decisions: China takes the lead

China and the U.S. also take a leading role in the use of Artificial Intelligence in production environments. When partly or fully using AI, Chinese players are out in front on 71 percent, followed by India on 61 percent, and the U.S. on 57 percent. Mexico (51 percent) and the United Kingdom (48 percent) are in the middle of the field, while the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) is behind on 37 percent. China also takes a leading role in AI-driven real-time decision-making, with 40 percent, ahead of the U.S. (23 percent) and the DACH region (6 percent).

These findings reveal that many European companies are taking a rather cautious approach here. To date, they have only been using AI on a pilot basis, with a lack of deep integration into production processes. At the same time, the future impact of AI is rated highly. By way of example, 52 percent of Chinese companies expect it to have a “significant” or “groundbreaking” impact in the next five years. This gap highlights the fact that smart algorithms cannot be productive without solid foundations in terms of data infrastructures, sensor technology, and digital twins. Accordingly, AI remains a future promise in industrial practice but will not become an effective productivity factor (“AI hype gap”). These differences can be explained, among other factors, by the fact that countries like China and India have been investing heavily in digital infrastructures for years and demonstrate high technology acceptance. In addition, government programs in China and a dynamic IT ecosystem in India support early implementation.

Software-Defined Manufacturing (SDM): China and India are at the forefront

SDM separates production control from physical hardware and creates a central software layer that makes the manufacturing process flexible and scalable across different sites. CIOs play a key role here by becoming architects of the digital factory and taking responsibility for IT/OT integration, data literacy, and investment prioritization. Companies with a CIO state much more frequently that they are familiar with the SDM concept (+33.2 percent) and are more likely to integrate it into their overall strategy (+18.4 percent). There is also a greater propensity to invest (+13.8 percent), while the proportion of the budget earmarked for maintenance expenses is lower (-26.2 percent).

When comparing familiarity with the still nascent SDM concept, China and India are blazing a trail, with 30 percent of respondents in each of these countries attesting to a “very high” level of familiarity. The proportion is significantly lower in the German-speaking markets (3 percent) and the United Kingdom (6 percent). The U.S. (14 percent) and Mexico (18 percent) are in the middle of the field.

Further upheavals are expected

The majority of respondents worldwide expect significant upheavals in the next ten years as a result of digitalization and software-driven approaches, with 31 percent holding the firm belief that their industry will undergo fundamental change and another 51 percent considering it likely. Once again, there are considerable regional differences in this assessment. In China, 29 percent of respondents are convinced that software-driven approaches are altering their industry, compared to 33 percent in the U.S. and only 17 percent in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland).

Digitalization requires a real willingness to invest: 71 percent of respondents in India state that their companies are willing to spend significant sums of money on new digital technologies. Mexico (65 percent) comes next, followed by the U.S. (59 percent) and China (55 percent). The figure is alarming for the DACH region, where just 29 percent are willing to invest.

“Germany, Austria, Switzerland region have a strong focus on efficiency and cost optimization, which means that strategic potential for growth, flexibility, and innovation often remains untapped,” explained Prof Christina S. Reich from FOM University of Applied Sciences, who is also a manager at MHP. “Emerging markets such as India, China, and Mexico, meanwhile, are pursuing more differentiated strategic goals. India, for example, is specifically focusing on improving quality due to its historical competitive position and global pressure. The aim here is to meet international standards and open up new markets.”

The international comparison reveals a consistent pattern: Asian markets – especially China – and the U.S. implement new digital production technologies significantly faster, more comprehensively, and in a more integrated way than European companies.

About the Industry 4.0 Barometer 2026

The Industry 4.0 Barometer has been published since 2018 by the management and IT consultancy MHP in cooperation with Prof Dr Johann Kranz from Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich. The 2026 edition analyzes the statements of 1,206 people from industrial companies in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) (200), the United Kingdom (202), the U.S. (200), China (200) and, for the first time, India (200) and Mexico (204). The most strongly represented sectors are mechanical and plant engineering and information and communication technology, each with 13 percent, followed by the automotive industry (10 percent). The participants have roles across all hierarchical levels, most frequently working in IT (23 percent) and production (24 percent).

The questionnaire covers four areas – technology, IT integration, strategy, and goals – while equally examining barriers and drivers. There was also a focus on Software-Defined Manufacturing this time. Recommended courses of action round off the study for decision-makers, along with success stories from user companies and expert interviews.

The full study can be downloaded in the MHP Newsroom: www.mhp.com/newsroom

You can request further information and ask about interview opportunities with MHP experts at any time.

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About MHP

As a technology and business partner, MHP has been digitizing the processes and products of its around 300 mobility and manufacturing sector customers worldwide since 1996 and providing support for their IT transformations along the entire value chain. For the management and IT consultancy, one thing is certain: digitization is one of the biggest levers on the path to a better tomorrow. This is why MHP, a Porsche AG company, provides both operational and strategic consulting in areas such as customer experience and workforce transformation, supply chain and cloud solutions, platforms and ecosystems, big data and AI, as well as Industry 4.0 and intelligent products. Headquartered in Germany, the consultancy operates internationally with subsidiaries in the USA, Mexico, the UK, Romania, India and China. More than 4,700 MHP employees are united by their pursuit of excellence and sustainable success. It is this aspiration that will continue to drive MHP – today and in the future.

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